According to Roger Solomon, PhD, fear is an automatic emotional reaction to a perceived danger or threat, characterized by a high state of arousal. Dr. Solomon is a clinical psychologist who specializes in trauma and grief. Formerly a psychologist with Colorado Springs, Colorado Police Department, and Washington State Patrol, he has also provided clinical services and training to the FBI, which is where I had occasion to listen to his explanation regarding what happens to our bodies when we experience fear. That high state of arousal is what we, as cops, need to understand.

Anyone one in law enforcement who tells you that he's not afraid during the course of his duties is either lying to you or is a psychopath. It's natural to experience fear when we're facing dangerous situations. Responding to a call of shots fired, man with a gun, robbery in progress... these are all potentially deadly force situations. Joe Citizen runs the other way when exposed to these types of events; cops run toward the danger, while fear, anxiety, and hasty game plans begin to fill their minds enroute. It's no shame to be afraid; it's not cowardly to admit it. They key to understanding fear is to know what to expect when our bodies shift gears into Solomon's high state of arousal. Knowing how our bodies will react during critical situations is key to our survival. Let's talk first about the physiological changes that occur to our bodies when we're afraid.

Heart Rate Increase: if you've been working out and are fit, this is of little concern. Your body is used to it and will function as if you're involved in another workout. If you're out of shape - you may have a problem.

Blood Pressure Increase: If you are suffering from high blood pressure this could potentially be fatal. Heart attacks and strokes may occur during a confrontation, or even before ever becoming involved. If, however, you are fit, or have your condition treated by a physician, your body will accept the increase.

Sugar and Energy Release: the body recognizes activity is about to increase. It releases adrenaline and, like any drug, adrenaline has its side effects. It's a potent potion, a hormone that triggers a bevy of physiological effects. First, it increases your metabolic rate and your blood sugar levels, providing a rocket-fuel like boost to your muscles. It also works as a neurotransmitter, amping up your responses and increasing your awareness.